Summary on My Sisters Keeper

SUMMARY. This book starts off with the main character Anna Fitzgerald selling a prized possession that her mother gave her. After going home she goes to an attorney’s office, Campbell Alexander is the attorney Anna picks to hire to sue her parent for the right to her own body. She explains that the only reason she was born was to be Kate’s donor. Kate, her sister, is in the end stages of kidney failure, and Anna wants to file the lawsuit so she won’t have to donate a kidney to Kate. Campbell, who has a service dog but always gives a sarcastic explanation whenever someone asks why, agrees to represent Anna for free. When Anna’s mother Sara receives the papers for the lawsuit, she becomes furious with Anna. Sara can’t understand why Anna would want to do this to her sister, as she hasn’t had any problem with donating to her sister before. Anna’s father however can understand both side of this lawsuit recognizes that she would not have brought a lawsuit unless she was genuinely unhappy. When they realize that they will need a lawyer, Anna’s mother who is a lawyer, decides to be the lawyer representing the opposing side, not thinking the case will go far and thinks she will be able to get Anna to drop the case. The judge that will be dealing with Anna’s case is Judge Desalvo. She appoints a guardian ad litem for Anna, Julia Romano; her job is to objectively decide the best interests of the minor child. Throughout all of these events, Jesse has been setting different abandoned buildings on fire. Jesse acts like a delinquent in other ways as well, such as drinking alcohol, but much of this behaviour is coming from his feelings of being ignored by his parents. Then Brian, their father, finds out that Jesse was the one who has been setting all the recent fires that he and his men have been putting out. When Brian faces up to Jesse and asks him about it, Jesse admits that he feels immense guilt due to the fact he wasn't a donor match for Kate. Kate becomes seriously ill and is hospitalized. Their Doctor Dr. Chance says she will die within a week. Anna refuses to change her mind about the case. At the hearing, Sara decides she will represent herself and Brian. As a result, Brian takes Anna to stay with him at the fire station to give Anna some distance from Sara. He believes if they remain in the same house together, Anna may unwillingly give in to her mother’s wish that she donate her kidney. Throughout the trial and book, Sara realizes where she went wrong in some aspects of her parenting. Though she is frustrated at what Anna is doing, she never hates her or stops loving her for it. At the trial, Sara and Campbell question witnesses including the doctors familiar with Kate’s medical condition and history. Reluctantly Anna goes to the stand to tell her side of the story, during this Jesse as her brother getting annoyed at people blaming her, shouts to her to just tell the truth. She then admits that she only filed the lawsuit because Kate told her to. Then just as she says that Campbell has an epileptic seizure and collapses. When his seizure ends, he admits he has been having seizures ever since a car accident in high school. He also explains that the seizures are the reason he has a service dog, which can tell when another seizure is coming on. Then Anna goes back to the stand and explains When Anna first found out that Kate needed her for a kidney transplant, she was going to do it and didn’t mind. But, Kate convinced her not to. Turns out, she didn't want to go through with the surgery; she was tired of being sick and waiting to die. She knew she'd die without the transplant, but she just couldn't go through it all. It was Kate who convinced Anna to get a lawyer. Anna also admits that while she loves her sister, part of her wanted Kate to die, too, so that she could have more freedom with her life. The trial ends with Judge Desalvo ruling in Anna’s favour and that Campbell has medical attorney over her. Everyone was happy that the case was over, and no one was mad at Anna for doing what she did. A sad twist of fate then happens. On the way to the hospital, Campbell and Anna get into a serious car accident as the car was struck by a truck. Campbell makes it out okay, but Anna is left brain dead. Everyone is wounded with grief, especially Sara who had always been planning out the death of her other daughter, Kate. Then doctors ask about an organ donation. Campbell, being the medical attorney for Anna, Campbell tells the doctors to give Anna’s kidney to Kate. Kate narrates the epilogue, set in 2010. She discusses the grief her family went through after Anna’s death, and the fact that she blames herself. She knows, however, that she will always carry Anna with her.

Learning Team Assessment Through Flexnet Course

Learning Team Assessment Strategies Paper and Presentation Introduction With Flexnet course being one of the best flexible course design it therefore means that the learners can always log in online anytime for the classes and complete their coursework within their own pace. These has helped in cases of diverse students as they all can log in at different time and study and finish their work on time without any worries. The only deadline that on the students will be the fact that when the class ends the assignments should all be done and completed at that time.In some cases they are flexible and they can only attend the physical lectures at least once. When it comes to assessment it presents a challenge especially for a course where the students enrolled are diverse like in our case. That means each of the student has different and varying learning styles, and also the experience in the healthcare is varied so do the ethnic and cultural background of each of the five students who are employees at different hospital having different systems. The evaluation and assessment methods that we shall use will not be different from the ones held in the physical campus.Assessment Methods for FLEXnet course With the class having five different students, each is expected by the end of the course to have; been able to identify patient confidentiality issues, identify various types of work-related harassment and the consequence of such actions, and be able to relate the need to maintain confidentiality of patient information and proprietary organizational information to work-related situations. Therefore various method of assessment can be used to know whether the objectives have been achieved or not.Some of the assessment methods that can be used for this course include: Timed Tests: For the timed tests to be administered the learners have all to be online as the tests can only be offered on the Learning Management System platform. With the timed tests the students will not have assignment deadlines instead the students will only sit for the exams when they are ready and once they start the exams, there is a limited time they are expected to finish the test. The timed- tests will normally consist of multiple choice questions, questions that require short answers, true or false questions and even atching questions. For example the types of work-related harassment would be very appropriate for this type of questions as most answers required will be short and precise and also the aspect of true or false questions can be relevant in this case. Since most of the time will be spent online and the course itself is offered online, the administration of questions and even grading is done automatically with the Learning Management System which will mark each students work automatically.This means that it will be very convenient and can be adopted and implemented very fast especially since the instructor will spend little time grading the tests done by the studen ts thereby, reducing the time spent by the faculty in assessment instrument development and grading. The test scored will be done objectively without the aspect of human subjectivity and error. For a group it will be appropriate to use this in some units in the course. The main disadvantage will be basically measuring the students’ ability superficially and therefore it will not match the specific objectives of the course.In cases of the five different students it will not be easy to check the changes that would need to be made for the objectives to be achieved just by referencing to the timed test. Projects: When a project is given the main objective of it will be to help the student in learning and understanding a concept. The instructor can decide to give the students different numbers of responsibilities that they need to research for example the students would be told to research on the patient confidentiality issues and therefore they will use the hospital as the places of research interviewing both the patients and the doctors.The main purpose of the project will be to enable the students to analyze the information given and go ahead and think even outside the box and finally they will present their work in a structured manner in this case the project will be written, compiled and submitted to the instructor. For projects as a mode of assessment means that the project will have to be either handed in personally during the physical session or they can be sent over to the instructor.By using the projects the instructor will be able to get the students perspectives in the learning process on the given assignment as such it is student-centered therefore the students will be motivated and active when doing their own research. The project on the downside can be costly for the students and also time consuming and requires a lot of labor while doing the research and in the end it becomes quite intimidating to the students. In addition it will require tra ining on how to conduct the research on the instructor’s part.Writing Essays: Essays can be set in such a way that every topic that is taught during the course can be assessed through it. In the five students case the topics like work-related harassment will require an essay on it. By writing an essay the main activities that the students will do will be research and also participate in thinking critically on the said topic as much as they will be expected to possess effective writing skills. By having the writing skills, the students will be assessed on the basis of their skill level and also the mastery of the topic and the unit given.The submission of the essays will mostly be through the email or the FLEXnet platform that the faculty is using. The students will be creative when it comes to essay writing and also the essay will be summative or formative depending on the scope required by the instructor. The essay on the instructor’s part will have to be meticulously designed if it is used to assess the student’s ;earning outcome and also consideration should be given on the student’s ability therefore the instructor should not be subjective.Quizzes: For the course, quizzes will also be relevant as they will be testing the students’ knowledge especially after a portion of the units and course given has been completed. The quiz will be shorter than the timed tests and their purpose will be to allow the evaluation of the student’s learning by the instructor and for the students’ part, they can use the quizzes as a way of self-assessment to know how well they have learned and understood the area set in the quiz.When the student scores a low grade on the quiz the student will know that a particular topic was not well understood and therefore he or she can go back and read the said topic or the chapter taught previously. This will give the student an opportunity to prepare for the timed test when the unit has been covered. Just like the timed-tests the instructor’s time is saved and the work is reduced as he or she has to do minimal mark in terms of grading and setting the exam as the quiz is marked automatically be the FLEXnet platform software. Evaluation of the students on an individual levelFor Maria Sanchez who is fluent in English and Spanish, during the lessons essay writing would be the most appropriate mode of assessment as she has mastery of the language and the prior health care work experience will offer her a vast opportunities to put the experience in a written perspective for the instructor to gauge her skill level of understanding. For the projects will be relevant too with the experience she has it will work to her advantage as she is able to interact with staff members in the healthcare sector that she has worked in.Maria is able to analyze given topic objectively. With Olga Bartold being new in the United States and furthermore coming from a German speaking country w ith no experience of working in the healthcare environment, special attention will have to be given to her. This is further made by the sense that Olga is not fluent in English but fluent in German. If the course has no extra language option it will imply that in the beginning emphasis will be laid on the quizzes and timed tests for her.The quiz will be simple and so will be the timed tests especially the true or false/ yes or no questions. Furthermore the online tests will have to be manually changed in order to give Olga ample time to complete the exams. With time the essay will be introduced with simple topics and areas for her to cover. If there is a language option then it will be prudent to provide the lessons in both the English and German language for her. Projects will be complicated unless submitted in German since it will look intimidating for her. With Dr.Ranzin having a vast experience in the healthcare environment, it will be easier when it comes to the assessment of D r. Ranzin. This is made better by the fact that the language of instruction will be English and Dr. Ranzin knows the language very well. By the virtue of the experience that the doctor possess, the most appropriate method of individual assessment will be through project work as that data can be collected from the healthcare work station that he used to work in. Essay too will be relevant after each and every portion of work done.Joe Antone will not have a language problem apart from the fact that he does not have prior working experience in the health care environment therefore he will have difficulty in getting the correct concept of essay writing and project writing. More time will have to be given to him in relation to that but it will be perfectly okay for him to attend and sit for the quizzes and timed tests even without prior experience as the answers are normally short and some are provided in the multiple choices.Just like Dr. Ranzin and Maria Sanchez, Martha Scott is also e xperienced when it comes to working in the healthcare environment therefore it will be relatively easy for the concept to be taught to them as they all know what it entails in the healthcare systems differently. For the language factor since she is from Midwest she should be fluent on the English language and therefore any method of assessment whether by quiz or project it is expected that Martha will be able to tackle the assignment given.Conclusion When it comes to assessment methods several factors have to be put into consideration. In our FLEXnet course the language and the experience will be a factor on how the course will be offered and since the course is supposed to be flexible, each student’s needs, will have to be considered for an equal learning outcome in each and every given unit. This is to enable all the objectives set to be achieved. References Jackson, N. , Jamieson, A. & Khan, A. (2007). Assessment in medical education and training: A practical guide. Abingd on: Radcliffe. Mayer, I. , Mastik, H. , & International Simulation and Gaming Association. (2007). Organizing and learning through gaming and simulation: Proceedings of Isaga 2007. Delft: Eburon Michaelsen, L. K. (2008). Team-based learning for health professions education: A guide to using small groups for improving learning. Sterling, Va: Stylus.

Auschwitz Concentration Camp

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz could not rest safely even in the country's silence in Poland. Only this name is recognized immediately - this is an abbreviation of criminal atrocities in the 20th century. If there are out-of-place and unnecessary myths, the facts can be simple, that is, the Auschwitz concentration camp. This has not been the case for 50 years. The list of myths and misunderstandings about Nazi's largest concentration camp is long. The Soviet investigators announced that 4 million people died in the Auschwitz concentration camp in May 1945 and Polish Communist authorities claimed this exaggerated number before losing power in 1989. The Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration camps and extinction camps founded and operated by Nazi Germany in Poland occupied during the Second World War. This includes Auschwitz I (the original concentration camp), Auschwitz II - Birkenau (central colony / extinction camp), Auschwitz III - Monowitz (labor camp using IG Farben's factory), and 45 Of satellite camps. Auschwitz I originally came for Polish prisoners in Poland and arrived in May 1940. The extinction of the first prisoners in September 1941. Auschwitz II - Birkenau continued the Nazi as the main place to eventually solve the Jewish problem. Problems during the massacre. From the beginning of 1942 until the end of 1944, transportation trains carried the Jews from various parts of Europe to the gas chambers of the camp, where they were killed together with the cyanide-based poison Zyklon B developed as an insecticide. The Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz concentration camp) started activities in the outskirts of Auschwitz in Poland. As most European Jews live in Poland and Eastern Europe, there will be six concentration camps known as camps of death: Auschwitz - Birkenau, Chelmuno, Belzec, Treblinka, Sobibor and Maedanek. Sir Harold McMichele, UK High Commissioner for Palestine, was frustrated by the entry of illegal immig rants into Palestine, leaving Hungary and returning two Jews who settled in Palestine with a tourist visa in 1934 We insisted on accepting. The Hungarian government said that its Jews are too numerous and the goal of the government is encourage immigration as far as possible. The Auschwitz concentration camp, also known as Auschwitz-Birkenau, opened in 1940 and is the largest among Nazi concentration camps and des camps. Auschwitz is located in the southern part of Poland and was originally a police prison camp. But it evolved into a camp network where the Jews and other perceived Nazi enemies are usually cleaned out in the gas chambers or used as slave labor. Several prisoners led by Josef Mengele (1911-79) also accepted barbaric medical experiments. Over the course of the Second World War (1939 - 1945), more than 1 million people died in the Auschwitz concentration camp. In January 1945, when the Soviet Army approached, Nazi officials ordered the camp to abandon and sent about 60, 000 prisoners of war to other places. When the Soviets entered Auschwitz, they found thousands of detainees and the mountains of the bodies left behind.

Rise of Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rise of Asia - Essay Example Unlike his neighbors, Japan opened its doors fully to mercantilism to all western countries. Countries such as China limited their trade with the western world which would cost them in the future. The Boxer Rebellion in 1899 (small planets communications) and the Opium War in 1840 (Chesneaus) resulted from China's resistance to foreign trade. Frank B. Tipton, author of "The Rise of Asia," mentioned that Japan and China shared the same social constructs and tradition that placed them in cultural crosswords in which they must decide which route the must take. Apparently, they both chose two different routes. (Tipton, pg. 92) Japanese embraced their culture industrial culture with open arms. The industrial movement posed new challenges for the government. These challenges insinuated that the government needed redesign their former policies and cultural traditions. For example, women before were viewed as peasants, artisans, samurais, and merchant women. But for the philosophical needs and recognition, the Japanese females undertook the sociological model of the "Japanese women." (Tipton, pg.130) They worked silk factories and cotton mills.

Understanding the Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding the Concepts - Essay Example However, this has affected customer loyalty and the company’s profits. In order to make profits and offer quality products and services, the company has sought assistance (a better pricing policy) from Prime Pricing Solutions. The development of a detailed pricing policy for Food and Beverage Company or operation comprises of five key stages. These stages include market feasibility study, basic price level and overall percentage gross profit, departmental gross and profit margins, differential profit margins, and other matters such as cover charges, and service charges. The stages will help the company in choosing the best price setting process to establish profitable and sustainable prices for the consumers. In designing the pricing policy for the company, the aforementioned steps will be followed as indicated. The first stage is market feasibility study. Because the company is already established, market feasibility study will not apply. However, there are important things that the company can note from the market feasibility study. First, the feasibility study generates a consumer profile; it describes in detail the consumer’s sex, socioeconomic status, age, nationality among other things. Secon d, it determines the consumer’s average spending power (Kotas, 1999). If the company did not perform a comprehensive market feasibility study, it will be important that it perform it to determine how they are going to price their products and services. It is important to note that the consumer profile has the most detailed and all-pervasive impact on all the food and beverage processes (Kotas, 1999). The second stage is the basic price level and the overall percentage gross profit. Based on the ASP (average spending power) and the consumer profile, the basic price level and the overall percentage of food and beverage gross profits can be determined. Therefore, the company can decide to charge a particular price for the foods and beverages. The

Materials management processes in Boeing PowerPoint Presentation

Materials management processes in Boeing - PowerPoint Presentation Example Since the suppliers are scattered internationally, they bring the materials from all over the world. Some of Boeing’s major suppliers are found in the following countries; Japan, Russia, United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Middle East, South Korea, Spain and Turkey. The company uses over  $60 billion  to buy goods and services from its suppliers and partners (Boeing Web). Boeing schedules over 4,000 deliveries to clients daily (Dale Web). The company sorts problems arising from natural disasters by delivering the daily services and support in a manner that satisfies the expectations of its customers. Accidents and damages due to bad weather or delays are compensated duly as per the company’s policies. Operations are never stopped until the situation is declared a disaster. Material and financial damages are compensated duly as outlined in the company’s policies. Boeing’s supply chain is structured to offer solutions that enable customers maximize the value of their fleet. The company operates more efficiently while lowering costs. The company’s material management services comprise integrated materials management and a future supply chain service (Dale Web). Through these, clients can change materials manage ­ment responsibility to Boeing. Boeing then manages the combined supply chain. It gives a better service level for parts and more reliability to maintenance oper ­ations. Clients only purchase parts when they are given to maintenance or on a flight per hour. Integrated Materials Management also provides a method to measure and share benefits among airlines, suppliers, and Boeing. In 2013, the suppliers of Boeing from all over the globe generated over 60 % of the value of its products. The company’s global supply chain is dedicated to high quality and reliability and consistently offering high performance (Dale W eb). They help in the creation of a long-term competitive advantage, leading to

Midterm Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Midterm - Term Paper Example Pro-choice According to consequentialist theory, the results or consequences of actions (i.e. pain versus pleasure) are the primary relevant feature in evaluating actions. Consequentialist defending abortion rights typically argue that without the opportunity to decide independently issues essential to one's being and existence, such as reproduction, one's critical faculties and moral enlightenment are compromised. Reproductive choice is a freedom so fundamental to one's being that to withhold it from women is also to threaten their personhood by suppressing precisely those abilities that make one human: the conscience and the intellect (Luker 77). Put another way, denying women reproductive choice--turning the fact that women can bear children into the assumption that they (legally or quasi legally) should--will make them in some measure less human by essentially turning off their intellect and moral faculties, the sine qua non of humanness. In Beauvoir's terms, a capable actor is o ne possessed of moral and intellectual freedoms. Without these freedoms, political participation, democracy's modus operandi, is either hampered by a diminished quality of participation, as certain disadvantaged groups participate less effectively, or is altogether impaired, as these groups are so reduced in their humanity as to feel incapable, or excluded or alienated from the process. Without reproductive rights, including the right to choose or not choose abortion, individuals are denied freedoms so fundamental to their humanity, their intellect and morality, as to be ill-served to undertake any effective political and social engagement. The control of one's body denied by abortion prohibitions is the most basic civil right in democratic society, with deep roots in American political life. In 1891, the Court stated: "The right to one's person may be said to be a right of complete immunity: to be let alone" (Union Pacific, R. R. v. Botsford, 251). In her exhaustive analysis of abo rtion rights, Christine Luker borrows from Herbert Marcuse to argue that control of one’s body is a precondition of conscious engagement in social life (Christine 74). Marcuse posits that a connectedness with one's body is a precondition for the development of personality and the participation of individuals in social life (Herbert 72-78). Luker writes, drawing on Marcuse's theory of the body and political activity, that "control over one's body is a fundamental aspect of this immediacy, this receptivity [that is open and that opens itself to experience] ," which is a requirement of being a person and engaging in conscious activity (Luker 4). Thus the right to chart one's reproductive destiny helps to ensure that women's humanity comprising their feelings, intellect, and spiritual nature is not being suppressed, that they are not being relegated to the status of other where they languish in immanence and stagnation. In being denied the right to make the choice of whether or n ot to bear a child by being deprived of a right to abortion, women are not only denied the right to undertake the complicated moral reasoning and critical thought necessary for a decision in this important matter, but they are, more fundamentally, diminished as people. The reproductive choice is left, entirely in the hands of doctors (who decide as they see fit whether or not bearing a child will harm the pregnant woman). For this

GoTo Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GoTo Statement - Essay Example A goto statement is a constituent of many languages like C, C++, COBOL, Pascal, Algol and others, especially of assembly languages. Nevertheless a goto statement is not popular in all higher-level languages of programming. Thus in Java goto statement is a reserved statement at present (Tribble 3). During the period of early stage of structured programming development many experts in computer science arrived at a conclusion that in programs it is better to use "structured flow-control commands", for example, loops and "if-then-else statements" rather than a goto statement (Tribble 5). Though there are experts who consider that despite the fact that "goto statement considered harmful", there exist some problems in a great number of programming languages that can't be directly decided without a goto statement, like, for instance, exception handling or breaking out of nested loops (Knuth 268). "There are few good uses for a goto statement. It is not uncommon for the class instructor to ban goto statements altogether. But the traditional legitimate use for a goto is to allow the programmer to escape from deep nesting when a special case (usually an error) has been encountered. For Pascal programmers, this means that, on rare occasion, you may want to goto'' the end of a subroutine in order to exit.

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION - Assignment Example After the antennas have been excited by these currents, they start radiating radio waves. Transmitters are additionally utilized for the purposes of broadcasting and are vital equipments of communication that utilizes radio technologies (Rider, 2008). This includes equipment like cell phones, Bluetooth along with computer networks that utilize wireless technology. Transmitters are usually limited to use in equipments that are used for generating radio waves for the purpose of enabling communication (Uhrig, 2006). There are mainly three types of transmitters which are the beltpack, plug-in and handheld transmitters. The design of beltpack transmitters shows that they should be placed on the user’s body and is normally used with the help of a microphone situated outside the electronic device. They provide a lot of power to the electronic devices using batteries located on their inside (Brunetti, 2009). The plug-in type of transmitter on the other hand is made so that it can be inserted into standard dynamic microphones through their connectors. The plug-in transmitters are commonly utilized by television crews that are carrying out activities in the field. Lastly, the handheld transmitters combine microphone elements along with transmitters that have been built into one assembly line. The transmitters are commonly used in devices that will be utilized by vocalists or speakers who prefer holding onto a microphone as they communicate (Poole, 2011). Question Two: What Are Oscillator Circuits And Which Oscillator Have Been Used In The Transmitter? Oscillator circuits are electronic circuits that usually produce repetitive electronic signals which are referred to as sine or square waves. The types of signals that are generated using these oscillator circuits are broadcasted using radio along with television transmitters. The main trait of an oscillator is the frequency of its output signal (Elliot, 2011). Inverters are good examples of oscillators that are utilized for the purpose producing high powered alternate currents (AC) output from direct current (DC) supplies. There are various types of oscillators that have been utilized in transmitters which are namely the tuned-plate, tuned-grid, Hartley, colpitts, negative transconductance and electron-coupled oscillators ( Rider, 2008). The oscillator used in the transmitter is the tuned-plate one and has been preferred because it has the ability of being directly earthed without having the need of directly using a blocking capacitor. It has also been used because in helps in maintaining the amplitudes of the oscillations over a certain tunable range (Elliot, 2011). Through its mechanisms of tight coupling along with maintaining very low values for its mutual inductance it is able to maintain stability in the frequencies that are being transmitted (Uhrig, 2006). Question Three: What Are Filter Circuits And What Are The Purposes Of Using It In The Receiver? Filter circuits are circuits that have been designed for the purpose of performing the task of selecting and filtering a single or a frequency particular range from a mix of frequencies that may be found within a particular circuit (Brunetti, 2009). They are normally used in high performance receivers in case a series of frequencies require amplific ation or suppression for production of quality sound or improving the efficiency of power. They are also used for the purpose of conditioning voltage waveforms that are non-sinusoidal in various power circuits located in the receivers (Rider, 2008). Due to the sensitivity of an electronic device to harmonics, there is a great need to condition the power entering the device to ensure

Discussion 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion 2 - Assignment Example rty four presidents who have been elected and only one president has been a minority of mixed race descent .Preliminary reports indicate that a majority of Americans are going to vote for a white president in the next coming elections since they view the incumbent as being ineffective and incapable of handling the requirements of the office (Watkins 57). The entertainment industry is also another sector where racism is still prevalent. A very high percentage of the leading men and women in Hollywood blockbuster films are Caucasian, while the other positions are left to the ever growing population of minorities. In those instances where minorities are starring, the roles are tailored in such a way that they are specifically for minorities and the majority of the cast is comprised of fellow minority actors. It is very rare that a minority is able to acquire a role based on his/her acting prowess regardless of whether they fit the Hollywood stereotype of leading men and women possessing physical attributes that are associated with Caucasians such as, blue eyes, white complexion and free flowing hair which out rightly prevents minority actors from getting such roles. Additionally, black actors for instance, are mostly drafted in roles depicting drug dealers, gang members while actors of Latin descent are drafted to roles depicting them as drug cartel members and drug lords. This points to a deep rooted thinking, where the majority of the Caucasian population perceives the minorities as being the antagonists while they consider themselves as being the protagonists and heroes (Watkins 63). The film ‘Do the Right Thing’ by Spike Lee, released in 1989, aimed to show the deep rooted and unassuming racial undertones that are still prevalent in modern day America. The movie showed how the average African American is subjected to daily racism, which has led to the majority of the young African American male youth towards a life of drugs and gang violence in order to

Investigating Resistance Essay Example for Free

Investigating Resistance Essay Resistance is a property of a substance that conducts electricity. Resistance opposes the flow of electricity through conductors and it depends on the PHYSICAL NATURE of the particular conductor. In this investigation I must investigate how one of these physical facts affects the resistance. I will split my investigation into four parts, I will firstly plan my investigation. This will allow me to explain how I will carry out my investigation and predict what I think will happen. The second part of my investigation will be the obtaining part. To complete this I must carry out my investigation and record the results. I will then be able to say if my prediction was correct. The third part will be analyzing the results I have made. This will allow me to draw conclusions. The fourth and final part will be evaluating my investigation, I will say if it could have been improved and if it worked as expected. APPARATUS I will need a Digital ammeter and a digital voltmeter because the readings given are a lot closer than with an analog one. I will need just over a meter of 0. 19mm thick nichrome, a meter stick, a power supply, some wires and two crocodile clips PLANNING I have been given a piece of wire called Nichrome, which has a thickness of 0.19mm. I will connect this into the circuit using crocodile clips, I will stretch the wire across a meter stick and connect one crocodile clip at 0cm and one at 10 cm, I will record a reading from both the ammeter and the voltmeter, I will then move the crocodile clip which is on 10cm to 20 cm and again take a reading from both the ammeter and the voltmeter before recording the results into a table. The variable for my experiment will be the length so to keep it a fair test I must use 10 cm jumps each time, use the same metal each time meaning it must be Nichrome of 0. 19mm. I will eventually have a full table of results ranging from 10cm to 100cm. PREDICTION I predict that as the length of the wire increases, the resistance will increase. I predict this will happen because Resistance is due to the atoms in the wire. The electric charges will collide with the atoms, slowing them down. If the wire is longer, then there are more atoms in the way of the charges so the resistance will increase. The resistance will depend directly on the number of atoms in the wire. I have indicated in the rough graph below on what I think will happen and what it will then look like on the graph. RESULTS Results below are first set recorded Length Of Wire Current Voltage Resistance CMSecond set will now be recorded before finding the eventual average Results below are Second set recorded Length of wire Current Voltage Resistance CM (A) (V) (Ohms) The table below shows the average of the results allowing me to plot the graph. It shows the average resistances Temperature Resistance results 1 Resistance results 2 Average Resistance CM (Ohms) (Ohms) (Ohms) . I will now go on to plot the graph before recording my conclusion. Conclusion After recording my results and plotting the graph I can say that my prediction was correct. This shows that resistance is greater the longer the wire is because there will be more atoms for the electrical charges to hit the atoms and get slowed down. From what my results say I am willing to predict that if I had a thicker piece of Nichrome say 0. 37mm thick then the resistance would be even greater because not only will the length give more resistance but now that it is thicker will mean there will be space for more atoms.

Domestic and Community Violence against Women in USA Essay Example for Free

Domestic and Community Violence against Women in USA Essay Domestic violence in the United States is said to be high whereby, it is reported that over 700,000 Americans are victimized by the domestic violence according to the 2000 National Crime Victimization Survey. (Nocav and Bourbonnais, 2002) Domestic violence in the United States is said to come up as a result a result of poverty, gender inequality and even socio-economic factors. In this case we find that, the physical violence is defined as an intentional use of an individuals physical force with an objective of causing injury, harm or death these injuries are usually caused by either using a weapon, hitting or even kicking another person, while sexual violence is known as the physical force used to involve an individual into sexual acts against his will. Psychological violence or commonly known as the emotional violence that include the humiliation of an individual, controlling what an individual can do, it may also be practiced by withholding the victims information this act is usually applied to make the victim embarrassed, isolated and denied the right to enjoy his personal rights. The other type of abuse is the economic violence where we find that an abuser takes a complete control over the victims’ economic materials and resources. (Lupton, 2002) These differences are both biologically and socially determined where the social, cultural, economic and political forces are said to have brought variation in the position of different group of people in different societies globally. According to various research studies conducted we find that these domestic violence are especially caused by; the psychological factors which involve that personality and the characteristics of the stated offender and this may also carry a form of social hypothesis that normally consider the factors that are created externally in the offender’s surroundings, this may include the family structure, stress or even social classifications. (Draper, 1989) In some communities we find that violence comes up as a result of an individual seeking power or control over other members of the society, here we find that the abuser creates a negative impact on the victims, whereby they end up attributed to low self- esteem. An example for this practice in the United States is where women are said to be disadvantaged where they are being isolated in the distribution of income and consumption within the community. Where the share of the national income shows that there is inequality between women and men throughout the world, here women are said to have a significantly lower share of national income than men. Therefore we find that men regard themselves to be given a higher priority they practice gender discrimination where more women and children are forced by men in their families to do most work to produce food for the families in which men are proved to be taking control over family resources and yet they do not participate in their production. Through gender analysis of roles done by many institutions it is said that men contribute less than three hours in a day of their time to activities that is geared towards food production compared to women who do the bulk of the work here we find that the rights of women are being violated. Conclusion The main roles of the civil rights movement is to fight the domestic violence in the American society, under this we find that, the civil rights activists say that there are many ways of handling the domestic violence in our communities whereby the government plays a role of ensuring that commitments to equal rights and opportunities are upheld and delivered, by setting an enabling environment for all members of the American society at the country level and in the global community through the formulation and implementation of conferences and international conformities. Promote an active culture that emphasizes the right to formation and support the developmental activists to demand information from all sectors including government, other Non-Governmental organisations in order to promote local accountability to the victimized members of the community. The government should create an enabling environment which will influence change in policies, laws and institutions at national and international levels. (Draper, 1989) The other method that can be applied in dealing with domestic violence is the safety plan which is usually a plan that directed to the victim where he asked to act quickly so that he may remove himself from the dangers of the violence. This plan involve a specific plan of how to get out of the place, here the victim is advised to carry himself with the basic needs that will be required to be used when out of the place. Although partnerships are strengthening around a based purpose there is still so much for the governments affected by the fight over power to close the gaps in understanding and increase co-operation between the governments, the states and the civil societies. This recommendation is seen to be adversarial instead of being collaborative leading to little sharing of experience and good practice by the prominent people in the American society. References Lupton, R and Power, A. (2002): Social Exclusion Neighborhoods. In Understanding Social Exclusion† Hills J, Le Grand J. Piachaud D. Edn pp. 118- 140: Oxford: Oxford University Press. Burgess, R and Draper P. 1989 the explanation of family violence, the role of biological, Behavioral and cultural selection. Ohlin L. and Tonry M. Edn. Family Violence pp. 59-116 Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

English Language and Tourist Satisfaction

English Language and Tourist Satisfaction The tourism industry in the last two decades developed significantly in Malaysia. Malaysia has received 24.6 million tourists from all over the world in the year 2010, (Datuk Seri Dr Ng Yen Yen, Tourism Minister of Malaysia) and in a report conducted by WTO, Kuala Lumpur( the capital city of Malaysia), was among the top 10 Most visited cities by number of international visitors in 2010. All countries are looking for ways to attract more tourists. Because of this, tourist satisfaction has been a priority subject of research in recent years. Understanding what drives satisfaction for a tourist is one of the most relevant areas of research (Prebensen, 2006), as satisfied tourists tend to transmit their positive experiences to others and to repeat their visit (Alà ©n, Rodrà ­guez Fraiz, 2007) Although there are many definitions of satisfaction, Reichel (1978) defines tourist satisfaction as the result of comparison between a tourists experience at the destination visited and the expectation about the destination. According to Feng (2007) ), satisfaction is one of the most relevant variables when analyzing tourist behaviour, as it influences the choice of destination, the consumption of products and services, and the decision to return. Many factors are involved in making of a country a tourist preferred destination. Both the government and the private sectors must work hand in hand. The people in the front line must be capable of making the visitors feel that they have chosen the right vacation destination. Thus the emphasis on language proficiency is understandable. Language not only is a means for establishing a communication but also is a tool for fostering relationships. There are at least 1400 million people who live in countries that English has an official status, so it is not surprising that one out of five portion of the population of the world speak English at the level of competence and the rest are still in demand of learning this language ( David Graddol, 1997) According to Malaysias Government official website, 54366 visitors arrived from Europe from January to September 2011, 14725 visitors from North America and 21445 visitors from Oceania (Australia- New Zealand). Most of these travellers mother tongue is English and there are Asian and African tourists, who recognize English as the Language of the world. If these tourists can communicate in their mother language or any other language which has more usage, they can feel at home in those destination countries. It gives them confidence and makes them feel safe, resulting in increased levels of satisfaction. 1.1 Statement of the problem As it mentioned, an important component in the tourism industry is tourists satisfaction. The level of tourists satisfaction plays an eminent role in promoting the image of the country as a top tourism spot. Many researches reveals that the level of tourist satisfaction with a particular trip is the result of different factors (Peter Olson, 1996) which are generally assessed as a comparison between the tourists perception of the products and services he receives and the expectations generated before and during his trip (Barsky Labagh, 1992). The Hotel Industry comprises a major part of the Tourism industry.The hospitality industry has a main goal which is: to provide necessarry or desired products and services to travelers.Tourists do not just come for the facilities and attractions. They want to be treated right and well. Thats why a good command of English language is always regarded as an asset for personnels working in the tourism industry specially in the hotel industry. The importance of English is undeniable since for so many years English is considered as the most important medium of communication of the world generally.It is the language of power, prestige and success . This language as a global language can open doors throughout the world ( Philipsson, 1996) Although Malaysia has two official languages, English and Malay, our focus is on English because most visitors do not speak Bahasa Melayu, the national language.Most Malaysian residents, who speak English, speak it as a second language but many tourism interactions occur in English. Numerous studies have been carried out to measure the degree of tourist satisfaction, but very few papers have focused on analysing the possible relationships that this variable has with application of English language by tourism staff. Consequently, the main aim of this paper is to question if English language proficiency of the staffs working in the hotel industry has any impact on the level of tourists satisfaction with hotels in Malaysia or not. 1.2 Research question To what extend English language proficiency of the hotel staffs can raise the level of the tourists satisfaction in Malaysia. 1.3 Objective of the study To examine whether the English language proficiency of the staffs working in the hotel industry can change the level of tourists satisfaction in Malaysia. Chapter 2 : Literature Review 2.1 Importance of Tourism Tourism is a driving force for economic growth in Malaysia. Tourism creates employment opportunities for Malaysian residents and brings money into the economy. Tourism industry in Malaysia creates high effects in the economy of this country as well as developing unity and national integration (Gom , 1991) If tourism industry growth in Malaysia continues, it could push forward the countrys engine of growth which is manufacturing sector. International tourism can bring high amount of revenue. This earned revenue has a very important role in developing Malaysias economy (Sadi and Batels 1997) Tourism Industry has helped Malaysia in developing its quality of life and its socio-economic status. An evidence of that is the upward trend of tourism and hotel industry in Malaysia until 1997 (Poon Low 2005) . Today this industry is experiencing a year to year growth in foreign exchange earnings. In the 70 decade government put lots of efforts to develop several objectives such as growing the earning from foreign exchange , increasing the number of employments and the level of their income, developing regional areas and increasing revenue made by the government (Khalifah and Tahir 1997). From the tourism receipts (tourism revenue) contribution, there exists a steady growth. For example, tourism receipts increased from RM17.40 billion in 2000 to RM24.20 billion a year later and then increased further to RM25.80 billion (2002), RM29.7 billion (2004) and RM32.00 billion in 2005. In 2006 Malaysia received RM36.3 billion (USD10.4 billion) in tourism receipts. (The Financial Express 2007). A total of 24.6 million tourists arrived in Malaysia and spent RM56.5 billion in 2010 compared with 23.6 million tourists spent RM53.4 billion in 2009. Tourism is the 2nd largest industry in the country after manufacturing and has been growing since 2000 with international arrivals increasing by 9% per year. (New Straits Times 2011) The tourism industry in Malaysia is an important foreign exchange earner, contributing to economic growth, attracting investments and providing employment. The focus of the government is to enhance the countrys position as a leading foreign tourist destination, while promoting domestic tourism. (The Malaysia Governments Official Portal 2012). 2.1.1 Importance of Hotels The hotel industry in Malaysia is expanding rapidly due to the increase of foreign tourist. Tourism statistics of Malaysia has recorded MYR49.6 billion (about USD14.2 billion) earning from tourists in 2008, with 31.2% of the total tourist expenditures coming from travel accommodations (Euromonitor International, 2009). Without a dubt one of the main components that will put tourists in a positive mood and also affect their satisfaction is Accommodation.(Ekiz, 2009) .Here, hospitality establishments in general and luxury hotels, is documented well to be very important.(Heung and Lam, 2003). Malaysian hotels accommodated 68,886,154 guests in 2008 and had an average occupancy rate of 66%. The number of rooms supplied during 2008 increased by 3.4% (total of 165,739 rooms), while the number of hotels increased by 0.6% (total hotels 2,373) as compared to 2007 data.( Malaysia Statistics) According to Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (2010) a total of 61,363,396 hotel guests were hosted in 2009, corresponding 60.9% occupancy rate. Hotels and restaurants alone provided employment for 1.7 million people, equivalent to 16% of the total employment in 2009 (Economic Planning Unit, 2010). Form the data mentioned above it is clear that the average occupancy rate in Malaysia hotel industry is significant even in the years 2008 and 2009 that the world was experiencing a recession period. As a result of the economy recovering , it is expected that this industry will face a strong growth in the number of tourists and occupancy rates .It should be mentioned that ,the growth of this industry has a significant impact on other related activities ,too. Food and beverage, entertainment and also shopping in Malaysia are some of those other activities.(Poon and Low 2005) 2.2 Tourists Satisfaction Oliver (1981) claims that tourist satisfaction can be seen as a tourists post-purchase evaluation of the destination. In many studies, satisfaction is distinguished as an antecedent of loyalty ( Kozak, 2001; Jang Feng,2006). Although Oppermann (2000) states that studies on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty have not been thoroughly investigated, Chi and Qu (2008, p. 624) claim that customer satisfaction has always been considered an essential business goal because it was assumed that satisfied customer would buy more. Although measuring tourist satisfaction is not simple, several studies have been conducted to examine the influence of customer satisfaction on loyalty (Gummesson, 1993; Anderson and Fornell, 1994; Um et al., 2006; Hui et al., 2007). Gotlieb et al. (1994) assert that positive satisfaction has positive influence on tourists repurchase intention. Similarly, Baker Crompton (2000); Petrick et al. (2001), and Jang Feng (2006) have highlighted that satisfaction i s the primary antecedent of revisit intention. Importantly, there is an agreement among several scholars that satisfaction provide a ground for revisit and positive word of mouth recommendations which are the indicators of loyalty (e.g. Kozak Rimmington, 2000; Yoon Uysal 2005; Chi and Qu, 2008). In another view, Um et al. (2006, p. 1141) state that revisit intention has been regarded as an extension of satisfaction rather than an initiator of revisit decision making process. Kozak (2001) pointed that level of satisfaction as one of the most dominant variables in explaining revisit intention. Accordingly, in tourism destinations researches, it has been widely underlined that tourist satisfaction, loyalty and revisit intention have strong relationship (eg. Yoon Usal, 2005; Awadzi Panda, 2007), while a few studies disapproved the positive relationship between tourist satisfaction and revisit intention ( e.g. Um et al., 2006). 2.2.1 Other Variables Affecting Tourists Satisfaction with Hotels Tourists satisfaction with a hotel is a result of many aspects, such as their perception of product elements experienced as well as their expectations before- and during their stay. People go on holiday to satisfy one or several of their needs, whatever these needs are. To achieve satisfaction people try to behave in a rational way. (Nina K. Prebensen) Some variables which affect tourists satisfaction are : 2.2.1.1 Location When traveling, youll find that the locations of your hotels will play a big role in your overall enjoyment of the trip. Thats because a well-located hotel will significantly cut down on the amount of time you waste in traffic or trying to navigate an unfamiliar place. For business travelers, centrally-located hotels will increase productivity by allowing them more time to work and meet with colleagues. Location is an important reason for selecting a hotel, especially for economy and mid-scale guests. ( Jonathan Barsky Lenny Nash : 2003 ) 2.2.1.2 Facilities Comfortable hotels and accommodation facilities play a very important role in popularizing any tourist destination. If a person, who is quite far away from home, gets to enjoy the same facilities and comforts as he enjoys at his home, then he is bound to become attached to the place. On the other hand if the tourist ends up at a place where the hotels and accommodation facilities are not satisfactory, it is quite likely that he might never return to that place. (Suman Ahliya : 2008) 2.2.1.3 Price In his article, Jerry Garner mentions that more often than not, price is the major factor influencing satisfaction with a hotel. The more money saved on the cost of the hotel, the more you have for other things, such as souvenirs, dining out and even extending your stay. 2.2.1.4 Brand In hospitality industry, it takes time to get the trust of your target market unless your business is under the umbrella of a well-established name. As you gain trust from your target market, brand loyalty and customers satisfaction will follow. This will include loyal customers and sales promotion for your hotel. However, a good reputation is defeated if quality is not included in the purchase. (Joyce Ira : 2010) 2.2.1.5 Cleanliness and Hygiene Knutson (1988) argued that tourists considered cleanliness as important in selecting a hotel for the first time and revisits. Lockyer (2002, 2005) noted that cleanliness was highly rated by hotel guests as the main hotel selection determinant. Callan (1998) stressed that cleanliness of hotel room has been identified as the most important factor. Dolnicar (2002) further argued that hygiene and cleanliness was one very critical factor influencing tourists satisfaction. 2.2.1.6 Guest Experience The experiences of guests during their hotel stay directly impact repeat visits and recommendations (personal and online reviews, e.g., TripAdvisor). A positive/negative guest experience can impact a hotels reputation and may trigger recommendations or reviews about that experience. Guest experience factors which include past experience, reputation, recommendations, and online reviews, are critical to selecting a hotel by the majority of hotel guests. ( Jonathan Barsky Lenny Nash : 2003 ) 2.2.1.7 Safety and Security Knutson (1988) mentioned that leisure travellers were mainly concerned with a hotels safety and security. This concern might stem from the idea that leisure trips often involve families, and these travellers have a high sensitivity to what may occur around them when their families are involved. Marshall (1993) and Clow et al. (1994) revealed that security was cited as one of the most important criteria in selecting a hotel. Tourists want to be safe and secure in their accommodation, and are willing to pay for this. The safety and security system may differentiate one property from its competition, hence becoming a competitive strategy that helps a hotel to gain tourists confidence and trust. Ananth et al. (1992) found that leisure travelers were likely to express concern with regard to a hotels reputation and name familiarity. 2.3 English Language 2.3.1 What is a Global Language?! When a language develops in such a way that it can be recognised in every country we can say that it has achieved a global status. when a large number of people speak a language and that language is their mother tongue while that language has taken up by other countries across the glob we can say that language has gain a global status. In the case of English, united States of America, Britain, South Africa, Australia, Ireland , New Zealand, Canada, several Caribbean countries and etc. this language has been spoken as their mother tongue and in some countries like Ghana, Malaysia, Nigeria , India , Singapore , Vanuatu and etc. English has a special status.( Crystal, 1997) According to Crystal there exist 2 ways which we can help a language to be globalised : Firstly, we can make it the official language of a country and use it as the only medium of communication in every domain such as : courts, media, education , and politics. Secondly, while a language has no official status we have it as the prior language in the educational system and use it as the language of teaching. 2.3.2 A language in common In his book, English as a Global Language, Crystal says that : the idea of a single, common language emerged in the 20th century, particularly during the 1950s .Around this time, many international agencies and organizations were being formed. With the numerous languages of the member countries, interpreters were a critical element in the progress of these organizations. Crystal states that half the budget of international organizations can easily be consumed on translation and interpretation expenses. He also believe that when we have so many languages to translate, we will loose some information with each subsequent translation. He then argues that a global language is very necessary in preserving and conveying important information. 2.3.3 English as a global language In his book, English as a Global Language, Crystal states that : By the beginning of the nineteenth century, Britain had become the worlds leading industrial and trading country .This position allowed the British to spread English around the globe. The power of English was further developed by the growth of the United States.During the twentieth century, this world presence was maintained and promoted almost single-handedly through the economic supremacy of the new American superpower. As English-speaking nations acquired power, so to did their language.English is now the most widely taught foreign language in the world. English currently holds some form of special status in over 70 countries and is spoken fluently or competently by about one quarter of the worlds population ( Crystal ,1997) 2.3.4 English language in Malaysia Nowadays people in any countries use English, the cause was the United Kingdom Empire and United State of America as a dominance in economic was another cause later on. This language became the international language because its user had the most political and economic power of the world( Crystal ,1997) English then became more than just international , it changes to be the global language. International languages existed before speared as a result of settlement , inhabitation, migration and colonalization but some factors make English a different international language such as its prestige in the culture , science , technology and so many fields. This helped English to become globalized.(Leitner 1992) In Malaysia English language is assumed a second language. A language as a result of British colonisation. During the colonisation , the English language was used by the British who had a long presence in this adopted land . Since then English has existed in Malaysia for more than 150 years in Malaysia. After Malaysia independency in 1957 , Malay Language replaced the English language( Crystal , 2005) English language together with Putonghua have approximately 1.5 billions of speakers . So these two languages are the two most spoken languages round the world by the greatest number of people . Tourist from countries that English is the official language like United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand communicate through English. In Europe in 19 countries out of 29 countries, English language was the language which is the most common one( European commission 2006) Chapter 3 : Methodology In this chapter our first goal is to collect and record everyday English interactions within the tourism industry. Observation of interactions between tourism staff and tourists will be recorded in some hotels in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 10 hotels will be observed. All interactions will be observed through naturalistic observation and each interaction involves at least one tourism employee and at least one customer. In all the steps the researcher will make use of the advices of at least 3 official tour guides in Malaysia. 3.1 Participants According to Gay ( 1987): Random sampling is the best singe way to obtain a representative sample, No technique, not even random sampling , guarantees a representative sample , but the probability is higher for this procedure than for any other. 20 (males and females) hospitality staff at ten hotels is going to be observed. Within hotels, front desk staff, concierges, direction assistants, and food and beverage staff will be observed as the interaction between tourists and hotel staff is important for the researcher. 40 tourists (male and female) who stayed at each hotel will be asked to complete a questionnaire. A linguist will accompany the researcher in every observation makes. 3 official tour guides from MTGC (Malaysia Tour Guide Association) will contribute the researcher for getting more information. 3.2 Setting Ten hotels (3 to 5 stars) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, will be selected from the www.agoda.com travel and hotel guide website, this site is organized these hotels by rates, price and region of location. The researcher will choose those hotels which are suggested by the official tour guides. 3.3 Instrumentation Suskie (1996)believes that reliability and validity are very important to design a questionnaire. However it is difficult to develop designing a questionnaire which approaches a consistence level of response. According to Robson (1993) responses are reliable when they are obtained from the same sets of questions answered by the population The survey instruments are: A paper questionnaire containing questions about the level of satisfaction of the tourist who stayed in the hotels will be administered to all tourists with the same sets of questions. A set of 6 open ended questions for the semi-structured interview, will be asked from the hotel staffs, by the researcher. A voice recorder device for the linguist, to help her analyze and rate the English Language proficiency of the hotel staffs is needed too. In addition to the surveys and interviews, as supplements to the information, the author also tries to gather secondary data from tour guides. These include reports , comments, complaints and discussions by official tour guides. 3.4 Design A mixed method design can be described as a kind of research in which a researcher combines quantitative and qualitative research techniques, methods, approaches, concepts, or language into a single study (Johnson 2004).A mixed method design combines the strength of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches.Connelly (2009, pp.31) believes that the goal of mixed methods research is to draw on the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of both types of research. This research involves both qualitative and quantitative data analyses approaches because the investigation resulted in the gathering of a variety of types of information. To be more specific, quantitative data obtained through surveys ( questionnaire) among tourists and qualitative data obtained through interviews. For the Research methodology which has been designed to collect data from a specific population or samples selected from that population we typically apply survey. Questionnaires or interviews are commonly used for the instrumentation.(Robinson ,1993). To get data from individuals surveys are useful .sample surveys are important tools to collect and analyze data obtained from selected individuals .to conduct and apply basic social science, surveys are broadly accepted as a key tool for the research methodology. ( Rossi , 1983) Questionnaires has some advantages over interviews and other methods of data collecting, they are not expensive and they are much more easier to conduct and to be administered.( Leary 1995) 3.5 Procedure At each hotel, the researcher together with a linguist will enter the establishment acting as friends and observed the same interactions for 45-90 minutes. Researcher tries to be inconspicuous by either posing as a visitors waiting for someone in the lobby lounge, or by having a food or beverages at the lobby cafà © or restaurant. After the interactions ended, the researcher will introduce himself to the front desk staff with a semi-structured interview he will ask questions about the number of languages spoken at the hotel and the kinds of customers that regularly stay at the hotel. This data will collect so that possible correlations between price range, target audience, and number of languages spoken at the hotel can be analyzed. Then the linguist will rate the staffs observed. Level of English ratings will be conducted by a speaking rubric which includes six aspects of effective speech: vocabulary, pronunciation, grammatical accuracy, flow, and ability to engage in meaningful conversation. Level of Formality will be determined based on four criteria: degree of honorifics (e.g., sir madam), use of slang and colloquial terms, jokes, and percent of talk related to business. Notes will be taken about the price range of the hotels and the position (e.g., sales associate, concierge, front desk employee) of the tourism staff involves in the interaction. At the final step, the 3 official tour guides (from Malaysia Tour Guide Association) will check the result and will comment on the findings.

Sociological Perspectives on Alcohol Use, Problems, and Policy Essay

It is unfortunate that many people within our society and worldwide suffers from the affects of alcohol addiction. There are many issues associated with this addiction and many times it’s not only the victim that deals with the addiction but also the people in close association with the individual. Alcohol addiction can afflict anyone and knows no limits of its damage that it can do to a person’s life or the people in their lives. Most importantly are the ones whom seek help for their addiction as it becomes a lifelong healing period for them. It has become clear that constant consumption of alcohol leads to addiction. It has also become clearer with the laws and policies that have been drawn up to combat drunk drivers that it is not a normal thing to do anymore as was thought to be normal in the late 60’s and early 70’s. This is not normal behaviour and it becomes clearer as the laws for drinking and driving is enforced by law enforcement officers. It is a duty for addiction workers to help in the aid of these problems and its laws and policies that help in putting a stop to some of the problems that arise from this addiction. This research paper will help enable sociologists to determine what the ongoing effects have on an alcoholic and further provides information on the long-term effects that society has to deal with. The significance of alcoholism and sociology is the ability of sociologists to research and discover how human behaviour is affected on many aspects of its effects on a person. An alcoholic can be described as someone who is addicted to drinking alcoholic beverages in excess. What starts out as social drinking can lead to excessive drinking and the many problems associated with alcohol abuse and i... ...y therapy in the treatment of alcohol-related problems: A review of behavioural family therapy, family systems theraphy and treatment matching research. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, (17)3, 13-23. Latham, P.K., & Napier, T.L. (1992). Psychosocial consequences of alcohol misuse in the family of origin. The International Journal of the Addictions, 27, 1137-1158. Murray, Jane Lothian, Linden, Rick and Kendall, Diane. (2011). SOCIOLOGY IN OUR TIMES, Fifth Canadian Edition by Nelson Education Limited, Published by Thomson Wadsworth, USA. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Office of Applied Studies). Treatment Episode Data Set(TEDS): Highlights-2003. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 2003. Walsh, F. (1998). Strengthening family resilience. New York: Guilford.

Exposure to Media Violence Essay -- Violence

The relationship between the viewing of violence in such forms as video games and television shows has been widely contested and thoroughly researched. Various conclusions can be drawn from multiply sources, though as of yet there has been no one final conclusion as to the nature of the relationship. Some research has studied how media violence can affect other aspects of behaviour, such as memory (Bushman 1988), or the long-term effects that it can have from early childhood, to adolescence (Huesmann, Eron, Klein, Brice & Fischer (1983). If it was proved that exposure to media violence increased the likelihood of aggressive behaviour, it may force a re-evaluation of what young children are exposed to during early childhood. Research done on the topic of media violence is widespread and variable, with many different approaches and theories. One example of such research focuses on the different effect violent video games have on aggressive behaviours in a controlled laboratory environment to those who are exposed to violence in video games in real life and the effect this has on aggressive traits, such as Ferguson et al. (2008). This experimental design focused on the direct link between viewing violent material in an animated game and then the aggressiveness of the response when told to deliver a loud noise to an opponent that has answered a question in a staged test incorrectly. The chosen participants were volunteers studying at an undergraduate level at university, this sample was 45.5% male and may not be representative of the population as the participants chose to participate and were not selected at random, thus possibly limiting the application of the findings. To prove the hypothesis that; â€Å"Exposure to video game vi... ...rough a search in Google Scholar of keywords â€Å"effect of media violence on aggression† and selected specifically because of the inclusion of other emotions such as fear, and anger, and the inclusion of the written word, rather than visually violent stimuli. 6. Corinne David-Ferdon, Marci Feldman Hertz, (2007) Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem, Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages S1-S5, ISSN 1054-139X, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.020.) -This article was located through a Google Scholar search for keywords â€Å"media violence on aggression†. I chose this entry specifically because the research focused on adolescents and how the demographic is being effected not only by media violence, but the ease of which technology is aiding in the exposure of violence from the media, and from uploaded home videos.

Capital Punishment And Christianity :: essays research papers

Capital punishment has been stated as ‘murder in its worst form’ barbaric, disgusting, unusual and completely unnecessary. Should Christians really support the death penalty? Many Christians believe that the Bible has spoken to the issue, but others believe that the New Testament ethic of love replaces the Old Testament law. Some early Christian writers who discussed capital punishment were absolutely opposed to it. Christians were instructed to not execute a criminal, to not attend public executions and even to not lay a charge against a person if it might eventually result in their execution. One example is Lactantius (260 to 330 AD) who is primarily known for his books, ‘Introduction to true Religion’ and ‘The Divine Institutes’. He wrote in The Divine Institutes, Book 6, Chapter 20: â€Å"When God forbids us to kill, he not only prohibits the violence that is condemned by public laws, but he also forbids the violence that is deemed lawful by men. Thus it is not lawful for a just man to engage in warfare, since his warfare is justice itself. Nor is it [lawful] to accuse anyone of a capital offence. It makes no difference whether you put a man to death by word, or by the sword. It is the act of putting to death itself which is prohibited. Therefore, regarding this precept of God there should be no exception at all. Rather it is always unlawful to put to death a man, whom God willed to be a sacred creature.† Abolitionists believe that the offender should be required to compensate the victim’s family with the offender’s income from employment or community service. Their thinking is that someone can do more alive than dead. By working, the criminal inadvertently ‘pays back’ society and also the victim and/or the victim’s family. There is no reason for the criminal to receive any compensation for his work. Money is of no value in jail. One of the most well known examples of the criminal contributing to the betterment of society is the case of Leopold and Loeb. Leopold and Loeb were nineteen years old when they committed ‘The Crime of the Century’. In 1924 they kidnapped and murdered a fourteen year old boy just to see what it was like. They were both spared the death penalty and sentenced to life imprisonment. Together, their accomplishments include working at hospitals, teaching ill-iterates to read, creating a correspondence school, making si gnificant developments in the World War II Malaria Project and writing a grammar book.

History of Psycology Essay

Before psychology there was philosophy. Descartes was around during the end of the Renaissance and in the era of revolutionary developments in science. Born in 1596 to a French lawyer, Descartes could understand more than most. When he was in his late 20’s, he resembled more of a scientist than a philosopher since he had studied physics, optics, geometry as well as physiology. The first to discover that lenses in one’s eyes are inverted by removing an ox’s eye, Descartes also believed in truth and was an active rationalist, meaning he believed the truth would emerge by careful use of reason and it became his modus operandi. This way to truth was also through the human capacity to reason. He created four rules he used to arrive at truth. He also was the best-known example of a dualist, giving way to accepting a clear partition between mind or soul and body. He believed that the body was like a well-oiled machine and the mind could have a direct influence on it. John Locke followed Descartes in 1632. He wanted to take epistemology, the study of human knowledge and obtaining it, to a more experimental based group of discipline. Locke spurned the idea of innate ideas, only â€Å"faculties†. Some ideas appeared so early in life that they used to believe they were innate but Locke declared that all of our knowledge was derived from experiences. Locke stated that the mind was like a white sheet of paper, blank but able to become something great. Experiences add to the paper by sensations and reflections. George Berkeley was another philosopher born in 1685. His work on vision was the first example of how empiricist thinking could be applied to the study of perception. Lastly there is David Hume. He built his knowledge around the base premise that all of our understanding is rooted in experience, or impressions vs.ideas. Impressions are basic sensations experienced daily such as feeling pain, seeing yellow or tasting saltiness. Ideas are faint copies of impressions but are not as vivid. Hume also offered three laws of association: resemblance, contiguity, and cause/effect. Resemblance meaning the look of one object can bring back memories or ideas of another item. Contiguity means intertwining two things together such as the smell of oranges and the west coast. The greatest of the laws is the law of cause/effect. If one idea causes another idea or memory, the cause reminds you of the effect i.e. burning your hand on the stove while making muffins. When seeing the scar, the memory of muffins will reappear. Hume also suggested that to conclude that A causes B, one must know 1. When A occurs, B must occur regularly, 2. A occurs before B, and 3. B doesn’t occur without being preceded by A. In the 19th century, psychology shifted from being philosophically based to being more scientific. Scientists and physiologists tried to show the world the reasons behind psychology were in fact based on the senses and the nervous system. One example is the Bell-Magendie law. Both Sir Charles Bell and Francois Magendie both were studying the roots of the postierior and anterior roots of the spinal cord and their functions. Bell was credited with the law because his research was published earlier, though limited, and Bell did not conduct an experiment like Magendie did on puppies. They discovered that the posterior roots control sensation where there is movement still but no sensation. Magendie then severed the anterior root in another animal and the limb was flaccid and unable to move though it still had sensation. To conclude, the science of psychology has always been a changing domain from philosophy to the sciences. It will continue to grow and develop as the world changes and shifts. Descartes started the ball rolling by studying optics and how to arrive at the truth with his four laws. Locke showed the world that it is nurture vs. nature that shapes a person. Hume gave us the three laws of association. In the 19th century psychology developed to include sciences. All of these philosophers and scientists shaped the psychology field to what it is today.

Foxbridge News Essay

Yesterday there is a quarry enquiry go around Foxbridge, the quarry is about limestone. Different people from different group have done the enquiry, lots different opinion has said by the people from the different group. A spokesperson from the living limestone company said that the quarry will create lots of jobs for local people, which can decrease the number of people who don’t have a job and more local jobs would bring more people to live in Foxbridge, so they can spend some of their money in the village. A head teacher of Foxbridge Village primary school said the school is threatened with closure because they have so few children, and that the quarry can help the school get more students, because the quarry workers may move to the village, so their children can go to their school. the local sheep farmer said that they hoping to buy the land of the proposed quarry, because it is very fertile and suitable for growing many crops, and that can increase their year income for g rowing more and better crops. The quarry can make new people come into the village, the Parish Council member says that the new people come into the village can help out with the Parish Council. The student who studying GCSE economics analyse that last year in Britain, we exported more limestone that we imported. So we made money from selling limestone and can helped the economy. But also the quarry also will be a blot on the landscape. So people will stop visiting the village and not spending their money in the shops. So we can see the quarry can bring a large effect on the economy. The Living limestone company spokesperson also says that after they finished digging they will create a fishing lake from the quarry, which can benefit the local people and their entertainment. The caving keeps some local young people off the streets and away from alcohol and cigarettes; this will be a good advantage. But the quarry also can bring some social problems. The quarry will be noisy and dusty, its can affect the quality of student’s study, and also bring disadvantage to the farmers. During the quarry, huge Lorries will pass the house and cause inconvenient to people who live in the street. The quarry may also damage the underground cave system around Foxbridge, the caver says that the blasting could cause accidents if people were in nearby caves at the time. The big problem with environment is that the quarry can affect local wildlife. The Visit  Foxbridge spokesperson says â€Å"we have a duty to preserve the beauty of the area for the future.† Which means the quarry can destroy the area/village, and affect that less tourists come to the village every year.

Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy Essay

â€Å"Community policing is, in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems† (U. S. Department of Justice, 1994, p. vii). Throughout the years, community policing has become a more popular strategy to help law enforcement officials control and deter crime; however, some areas across the United States has had problems in the past with communities and law enforcement working together to ensure a secure and safe environment. Although it is an officer’s duty to maintain order, keep the peace, and solve problems within the area he or she is patrolling, it is also necessary for the people of the community to come together to help prevent crime. Everyone wants to feel safe in his or her place of dwelling and know that he or she has individuals who will serve and protect the area. Ergo, when problems occur between law enforcement and communities, the citizens develop a stigma against law officials and do not want to help solve or prevent criminal acts. On the other side, when law enforcement officials develop a positive rapport with the community, the citizens are more likely to come forward to help solve crimes or problems that evolve within the neighborhood. Community policing is a necessary program to have within a community and many neighborhoods have adopted these programs. The Chicago Police Department is one city that knew a community-based program was a necessity to solve criminal problems within the neighborhoods of the city. In 1993, the Chicago Police Department implemented the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS), which is a community-based program that helps solves neighborhood crime problems with the collaboration of community members and law enforcement officials. According to Office of Justice Programs (n. d. ), â€Å"The program began in five policing districts but expanded to encompass the entire city of Chicago after a testing phase. Program development included the collaborative efforts of each district’s commanders, senior department executives, and ivilian planners† (para. 4). The underlying goal for CAPS is to solve problems within a community instead of reacting to their symptomatic consequences. This program has a five-step process for police officers to follow to ensure that the community and law enforcement agency works together to control crime. For this program to work effectively, one must identify and prioritize the problem at hand, analyze the situation, organize a plan to handle the problem, implement a strategy, and evaluate the outcome (Office of Justice Programs, n. . ). If the outcome is not effective, changes are set in place to correct the mistake and move forward by working together as a team to solve future problems that may arise. Furthermore, the CAPS program has an assortment of tactics, which include officers who patrol the neighborhoods, community meetings that involve the residents and law enforcement officials, training programs for both parties, city services, and technology to help identify the criminal hot spots in the area (Chicago Police Department, 2008). This program allows the officers to continue to patrol and handle their daily duties as well as work together with the community and other city officials to fight crime in one of the most notorious criminal cities in the United States. The Chicago Police Department works in teams for this program to be effective. One team will concentrate on the community and preventing crime, whereas the other team will handle the lower priority issues as well as respond to calls. The program splits the law enforcement officials into teams, which are beat officers, rapid response officers, and other city agencies. The beat officers patrol a certain area for at least a year, which allows each officer to know the neighborhood as well as the residents. This allows the officers and the residents to form a bond with one another and build trust between both parties, which allows them to work together as a team to monitor, strategize, and solve problems within the community. The rapid response officers assist the beat officers on emergency calls as well as back up the beat officers while they are in their community meetings. Undercover and gang officers help the beat officers on solving crimes and detaining suspects. With the collaboration between the law enforcement teams and the citizens the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy and proven to be a successful weapon to fight crime. In addition, the success that has come from the implementation of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy only hows that in the future it will become more successful. This program has helped improve the residents’ confidence that the police are there to help combat crime, to ensure the community is a safe place to live as well as a reduction in major crimes. â€Å"Evaluations of the alternative policing strategy in Chicago show that from 1993 to 2002, the fear of crime went down by 20% among groups most fearful of crime and victimization† (University of Ottawa, n. d. , p. 1). This is only one benefit that has come about from this program, so with the bond between law enforcement and residents of the communities becoming stronger daily, this program has a bright future on helping prevent and deter crime. Although many neighborhoods adopt community-policing programs, not all are successful in controlling crime. Some communities adopt these programs believing that it will evolve into a successful program were police and residents work together; however, not all programs are effective. For a program to be successful, each party, such as law enforcement officials and residents must work collaboratively through the entire process, which is to identify, implement, and resolve the issues at hand (Chicago Police Department, 2008). Community-based programs are constantly developing throughout the nation and with communities, adopting programs like the Chicago Alternative Program Strategy, community policing has the potential to be successful in any city or state.

Life Changing Decisions Essay

Many women in modern society make life altering decisions on a daily basis. Women today have prestigious and powerful careers unlike in earlier eras. It is more common for women to be full time employees than homemakers. In 1879, when Henrik Ibsen wrote â€Å"A Doll’s House†, there was great controversy over the outcome of the play. Nora’s walking out on her husband and children was appalling to many audiences centuries ago. Divorce was unspoken, and a very uncommon occurrence. As years go by, society’s opinions on family situations change. No longer do women have a â€Å"housewife† reputation to live by and there are all types of family situations. After many years of emotional neglect, and overwhelming control, Nora finds herself leaving her family. Today, it could be said that Nora’s decision to leave her husband is very rational and well overdue. In Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House†, there are many clues that hint at the kind of marriage Nora and Torvald have. It seems that Nora is a type of doll that is controlled by Torvald, and Nora is completely dependent on him. His thoughts and movements are her thoughts and movements. Nora is a puppet who is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions. The most obvious example of Torvald’s physical control over Nora can be seen in his teaching of the tarantella. Nora pretends that she needs Torvald to teach her every move in order to relearn the dance. The reader knows that this is an act, but it still shows her complete submissiveness to Torvald. After he teaches her the dance, he says, â€Å"When you were dancing the tarantella, chasing inviting—my blood was on fire† (Ibsen II. 445), but she quickly shows that it is not her own choice by pleading â€Å"Please! I don’t want all this† (II. 447). This shows that Torvald is more interested in Nora physically than emotionally. He feels that it is one of Nora’s main duties as his wife to physically pleasure him at his command. Torvald is not only demanding mentally and physically, but also financially. He does not trust Nora with money. He feels that she is incapable and too immature to handle a matter  of such importance. Torvald sees Nora as a child. She is forever referred to as his little â€Å"sparrow† or â€Å"squirrel†. On the rare occasion that Torvald does give Nora some money, he worries that she will waste it on candy, pastry or something else of Childish and useless value. He shows his concern for his money when he ask Nora if is his â€Å"little spendthrift [has] been wasting money again† (I. 11). Nora’s duties, in general, are restricted to caring for the children, doing housework, and working on her needlepoint. But overall, Nora’s most important responsibility is to ple ase he husband Torvald. This makes her role similar to that of a slave. The problem in â€Å"A Doll’s House† does not lie with Torvald alone. Though he does not help the situation, he is a product of his society. In his society, females were confined in every way imaginable. Everything that women did had to have their husband’s approval, whether it delt with money, business, or anything else of significance. At times, they could not even speak their true thoughts or feelings without a harsh reprimanding. In this society, wives were to be seen and not heard. Throughout the drama, Nora keeps referring to â€Å"the wonderful.† This â€Å"wonderful† is what Nora expects to happen after Krogstad reveals the truth of her forgery of her father’s signature. She expects Torvald to stick up for her and offer to take the blame for the crime upon himself. She feels that this will be the true test of his love and devotion. However, Torvald does not offer to help Nora, in fact, he belittles her by saying â€Å"you may have ruined all my happiness. My whole future—that’s what you have destroyedà ¢â‚¬  (III. 451). This is where Torvald makes his grave mistake. Nora realizes that Torvald places both his social and physical appearance ahead of the wife whom he says he loves. This heartbreaking revelation is what finally prompts Nora to walk out on Torvald. He tries to reconcile with Nora, but she explains to him that she has â€Å"waited patiently for eight years,† (III. 456) for things to get better for her. Nora has been treated like a child all her life, by both Torvald and her father. Both male superiority figures not only denied her the right to think and act the way she wished, but they also placed a limit on her own happiness. Nora describes her feelings as â€Å"always merry, never happy† (III). When Nora finally slams the door and leaves, she is not only slamming it on Torvald, but also on everything else that has happened in her past which curtailed her growth into a mature woman. In today’s society,  many women are in a situation similar to Nora’s. Although many people have accepted women as being equal, there are still those in modern America who are doing their best to suppress the feminist revolution. Torvald is an example of men who are only interested in their appearance and the amount of control they have over a person. These are the men that are holding society down by not caring about the feelings of others. But Torvald is not the only guilty party. Nora, although very submissive, is also very manipulative. She makes Torvald think he is much smarter and stronger, but in reality, she thinks herself to be quite crafty as far as getting what she wants. However, when the door is slammed, Torvald is no longer exposed to Nora’s manipulative nature. He then comes to the realization of what true love and equality are, and that they cannot be achieved with people like Nora and himself together. When everyone finally views males and females as equals, and when neither men nor women overuse their power of gender that society gives them, is when true equality will exist in the world. Work Cited Ibsen, Henrik. â€Å"A Doll’s House†. The Bedford Introduction to Literature: Fifth Edition.Ed. Michael Meyer. Pg. 1483-1542. Print.

Financial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial - Case Study Example It is noteworthy that family is though enjoying the current ease of payments but is piling up debt that will move beyond the capacity of the family in future. Major pressures will be piled up from regular home installment, investment unit’s huge payment that is also not offering redraw facility, credit card that is piling up with regularity. The dividends from the stocks that Ann inherited are already recognized as franked and so cannot be relied for payment of certain of such debt. One aspect that identifies the issues is the capital appreciation from stocks in three years is 2.2% only. This percentage appears worthless as it is multiple to the percentage payable on the investment unit. Also investments made by the family are not generating the notable income such as tenant income from investment unit is running in deficit of USD 134 after meeting expense of interest. Two children are still to gain the higher education, the price of which is constantly on rise due to economic pressures. This problem will be complimented with the fact that both bread earners of family are in their late forties; therefore, the woman will retire in middle term in future while man though has his own business but will reduce the capacity to visit same number of clients as he does today and so will earn less or no. Also fast paced technological changes will ultimately require men to hire workforce which will add cost to the business. Hence, the overall revenue and expense plan is not worth. Considering these factors the future of the family is gloomy and troublesome. It can be safely stated that the future of the family is at financial risk. Steps To Improve the Situation with Respective Rationales The reflection of future developed from the assessment of the case clearly requires that it is high of time for family to assess the contribution from each cost incurred and respective benefit derived from it in current point in time as well as for future. This long term planning r equires family to set the future goals. Goals to be set as suggested must meet following requirements: Each goal set must ensure that it results in meeting the financial benefit in the long terms. Goals must also enable family to align their current financial resources in a manner that are able to generate the productive results. With above two financial directions for setting goals and well as the case information, following goals must be set by the family: Readiness to re-allocation of the financial resources. Meeting and paying-off the debt burden without generating any additional debt. Enable the family to meet the educational expense of the children Enable the family to meet the meet medical requirement for father and Jack and Ann in future Enable the family to meet the fixed expenditure of the family safely once the family bread earners retire. The last goal of the family is to ensure the contribution in the family budget from every earning head. Once the family has determined what financial resource they require in the different points in time, then it shall focus itself in directing the financial resources accordingly. This will require the family to rebuild its budget. Following steps are suggested to the family for the reallocation of the budget: The family must retire the debts it has piled from two cars and a